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Cryptocurrency – A Cautionary Tale for India

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Recent Events in the Crypto-world and a Need for Regulatory Oversight

– Subhojit Shome (subhojit@vinodkothari.com)

Introduction

There are two recent events in the world of crypto that warranted this article – the first one, in order of chronology, fundamentally altered the way that a blockchain (the underlying ledger) for cryptocurrency validates transactions while the second exposed how a cryptocurrency, without underlying value, can be used to window dress a balance sheet and lure in investors.

The second incident, of course, refers to the FTX debacle that has received global media coverage and continues to grab headlines. The first event, Ethereum moving to ‘proof of stake’ consensus mechanism, however, may be a more obscure event to the public eye and likely to have caught the attention of only the hardcore crypto enthusiast, fintech departments of financial institutions and the financial stability divisions of financial market regulators and ministries.

This article, to all intents and purposes, is a ‘cautionary tale’ where we use these two events to explore how cryptocurrency, whether deliberately or inadvertently, may build a house of cards and there is an urgent imperative that regulators look beyond PML/ CFT issues, the ‘usual suspects’ when it comes to crypto, and delve into issues surrounding investor protection and market surveillance.

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Security Token Offerings & their Application to Structured Finance

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Moving to DeFi

– Subhojit Shome, Executive | subhojit@vinodkothari.com

Introduction

As per a Forbes article[1] published in early 2021, DeFi and Security Token Offerings (STO) had scaled new heights with 2020 being “a banner year for capital formation and secondary trading” using security tokens. DeFi applications were reported to be prevalent across 15 countries around the world (including the major developed economies) and 39 of the top 100 largest banks in the world were reportedly working on security tokens or blockchain applications. Expert estimates[2] predict the security tokens industry to surpass the market volume for cryptocurrencies in the next five years and in terms of issue proceeds, the global security token market reaching $3 billion by 2025.

Figure 1: Estimated Growth of Security Token Offerings (STO)[3]

Blockchain-based tokens can be described as digitally scarce units of value the characteristics and circulation of which are prescribed via computer code.[4]

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CBDCs in India – Another step towards Digitalisation

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finserv@vinodkothari.com

Related write-ups:

  1. CBDCs in India – A Leap of Faith?
  2. Untangling the Mystery of Virtual Digital Assets
  3. The Rise of Stablecoins amidst Instability
  4. Recent Trends in Crypto-Industry: India & Abroad

Recent Trends in Crypto-Industry: India & Abroad

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-Megha Mittal

(mittal@vinodkothari.com)

“Opportunity amidst tragedy” would likely be the most suitable phrase to summarise the journey of cryptos during the Global Pandemic- with disruption taking a toll on people and economies, and physical proximities massively restrictred, cryptos have outshone traditional assets, by virtue of its inherent features- easy liquidity, access and digitalisation.

Further, as countries around the globe attempt to stimulate their economies by opening floodgates of liquid funds, the ‘digital natives’ have and are expected to increasingly venture into adventure-some investments- think, cryptos. And while such adventurous investing may be short-lived, the results may infact have a long-lasting impact- it is this expected impact that has sets the ‘bull’ stage for cryptos in times to come.

In this brief note, we cover the recent highlights and developments in the crypto-industry, also discussing developments in the relatively new concepts of stablecoins, crypto-lending.

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The Rise of Stablecoins amidst Instability

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-Megha Mittal

(mittal@vinodkothari.com) 

The past few years have witnessed an array of technological developments and innovations, especially in Fintech; and while the world focused on Bitcoins and other cryptos, a new entrant ‘Stablecoin’ slowly crept its way into the limelight. With the primary motive of shielding its users from the high volatility associated with cryptos, and promises of boosting cross-border payments and remittance, ‘Stablecoins’ emerged in 2018, and now have become the focal point of discussion of several international bodies including the Financial Standards Board (FSB), G20, Financial Action Task Force (FATF) and International Organization of Securities Commission (IOSCO).

Additionally, the widespread notion that the desperate need of cross-border payments and remittances during the ongoing COVID-crisis may prove to be a defining moment for stablecoins, has drawn all the more attention towards the need of establishing regulations and legal framework pertaining to Stablecoins.

In this article, we shall have an insight as to what Stablecoins, (Global Stable Coinss) are, its modality, its current status of acceptance by the international bodies, and how the ongoing COVID crisis, may act as a catalyst for its rise.

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Cryptotrading’s tryst with destiny- Supreme Court revives cryptotrading, RBI’s circular struck down

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-Megha Mittal

(mittal@vinodkothari.com) 

April 2018, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) issued a “Statement on Developmental and Regulatory Policies” (‘Circular’) dated 06.04.2018, thereby prohibiting RBI regulated entities from dealing in/ providing any services w.r.t. virtual currencies, with a 3-month ultimatum to those already engaged in such services. Cut to 4th March, 2020- The Supreme Court of India strikes down RBI’s circular and upheld crypto-trading as valid under the Constitution of India.

Amidst apprehensions of crypto-trading being a highly-volatile and risk-concentric venture, the Apex Court, in its order dated 04.03.2020 observed that RBI, an otherwise staunch critic of cryptocurrencies, failed to present any empirical evidence substantiating cryptocurrency’s negative impact on the banking and credit sector in India; and on the basis of this singular fact, the Hon’ble SC stated RBI’s circular to have failed the test of proportionality.

In this article, the author has made a humble attempt to discuss this landmark judgment and its (dis)advantages to the Indian economy.

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