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Annual Transparency Report by statutory auditors of Large public Interest Entities

– Burhanuddin Kholiya | corplaw@vinodkothari.com

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Read our more detailed discussion on the said topic here

NFRA proposes copious financial information disclosures by auditors of large listed companies

An Annual Transparency Report to be published on the websites of the auditors

– Burhanuddin Kholiya and Payal Agarwal | corplaw@vinodkothari.com

In a major step to ensure transparency of audit and non-audit services, and internal protocols, quality checks, etc being maintained by auditors or large listed entities, the National Financial Reporting Authority (NFRA), vide a letter dated 16th January, 2023 (hereinafter referred to as “Proposal”), has proposed publication of an Annual Transparency Report (ATR) by the auditors of top 1000 listed companies. The ATR contains copious data, and interestingly, requires financial information about the audit firm, as well as its network entities. NFRA indicates that this proposal is in line with global practices, citing examples of regulations in the European Union (EU) and Australia.

The Proposal is said to be in terms of Rule 8(2) of the NFRA Rules, 2018 which empowers NFRA to require an auditor to report on its governance practices and internal processes designed to promote audit quality, protect its reputation and reduce risks including the risk of failure of the auditor and may take such action on the report as may be necessary, is proposed to be implemented for FY23 to begin with.

A quick snapshot of the same can be referred here.

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Addressing subsequent applicability of Section 139(2) of the Companies Act

Whether existing auditor needs to vacate immediately?

Abhishek Saraf | Manager (corplaw@vinodkothari.com)

Background

On and from the enforcement of the provisions of the Companies Act, 2103 (the “Act”), statutory auditor of a company is required to be appointed for a fixed term of 5 consecutive years (except in the case of appointment of first auditor and appointment of auditor in Government Company). The said requirement is different from the provisions of corresponding section 224 and 224A of the erstwhile Companies Act, 1956 (“Act, 1956”) where a statutory auditor was appointed year on year basis.

In addition to the introduction of a minimum tenure of 5 years, the Act also brought the concept of mandatory rotation of the statutory auditors so appointed so to ensure the auditors do no develop too much familiarity with the auditee. In fact, the Report[1] of the CII Task Force on Corporate Governance also discussed on the proposal of the rotation of auditors as well as audit partners to discourage any sort of an affinity between the auditors and the company.

The provisions relating to mandatory rotation of the statutory auditors have been provided under section 139(2) of the Act.

Section 139(2) of the Act states that-

“(2) No listed company or a company belonging to such class or classes of companies as may be prescribed, shall appoint or re-appoint 

(a) an individual as auditor for more than one term of five consecutive years; and

(b) an audit firm as auditor for more than two terms of five consecutive years:

…..”

Section 139(2) of the Act provides for a mandatory rotation of statutory auditors for the following classes of companies:

(i) Listed companies

(ii) Unlisted public companies having paid up share capital of INR 10 crores or more;

(iii) Private companies having paid up share capital of INR 50 crores or more; and

(iv) Companies having paid up share capital of below threshold limit mentioned in (ii) and (iii) above, but having public borrowings from financial institutions, banks or public deposits of INR 50 crores or more.

Once the bar on re-appointment applies; there is a mandatory cooling-off period of 5 years where the outgoing auditor should not be in any way be related to the incoming auditor.

Further, the requirement of appointment of auditors for a minimum tenure as well as the rotational requirement has been exempted for certain classes of companies which have been mentioned below:

Exemption from minimum tenure of 5 years Exemption from rotational provisions
 

·         All companies in case of appointment of first auditor

 

·         Government companies

 

·         One person company

 

·         Small companies

Application of rotational requirements during the transitional period

From the date of enforcement of section 139 of the Act, i.e., 1st April, 2014, companies were given a time period of three years to comply with sub-section (2) of the Act. However, considering the practical difficulties, MCA vide its Companies (Removal of Difficulties) Third Order, 2016 amended the transitional provisions of Section 139(2) of the Act to allow companies to comply with the provisions relating to rotation of auditors not later than date of the 1st AGM of the company held after 3 years from the date of commencement of the Act.

With this amendment, it was clarified that the auditor who has utilized the tenure of 5 years or 10 years, as applicable may continue the office till the conclusion of AGM held for the FY ended 31st March 2017 and the company shall appoint new auditor in accordance with section 139 (1) in the same AGM.

 

Treatment in case of subsequent applicability of rotational provisions

It is to be noted that the third proviso to sub-section (2) of section 139 contained the provisions to address the first-time applicability on companies on and from the commencement of the said section. It was given to allow smooth transition from the old regime to the new regime. The proviso specifically provided 3 years’ time from commencement of the Act which has expired long back.

Another situation that requires to be addressed is the fate of the auditors of the companies which subsequently get covered under sub-section (2) of section 139.

In this regard, it is important to note the language of the said sub-section states the following:

No listed company or a company belonging to such class or classes of companies as may be prescribed, shall appoint or re-appoint XXX

Addressing the said issue, the view expressed in Ramaiya[2] is that the auditor will have to vacate his office at the next forthcoming AGM of the company, even if the existing term is not complete.

However, we will hold a different view on the same based on the following reasons:

  • It is to be noted that the appointment or re-appointment of statutory auditors is done for a fixed term which should not be of more than 5 consecutive years and the provisions does not mentions for appointment for any specified years and further has done away with ratifying the appointment every year[3].
  • Secondly, as the language suggests, the provisions of the Section 139(2) is applicable only at the time of  appointment or re-appointment.
  • If the existing term, which was in accordance with Section 139 (1) of the Act, is not complete, there is no case of appointment or reappointment. Hence, it is only when the existing term is complete that the question of rotation will arise.
  • Furthermore, mandatory rotation of statutory auditor as per Section 139(2) of the Act cannot be equated with ineligibility to be appointed as an auditor of a company under Section 141(3) of the Act, which sinks in immediately.

Concluding Remarks

In view of the rationale given above, it can be concluded that since the question of rotation will arise only at the time of appointment or re-appointment which again can only be seen only after the completion of the tenure of 5 years, therefore, the interpretation of requiring the continuing auditor to vacate its office at the ensuing AGM post first time applicability does not seem to be correct.

[1] To view the Report, click here

[2] Page 2473 of A Ramaiya Guide to the Companies Act (19th Edition)

[3] The requirement to ratify was done away with vide the Companies (Amendment) Act, 2017 w.e.f. 7th May, 2018.

Our other relevant articles –

  1. https://vinodkothari.com/2021/06/rbi-guidelines-at-odds-with-the-companies-act-on-appointment-of-auditor/
  2. https://vinodkothari.com/2021/04/faqs-appointment-of-statutory-auditors/
  3. https://vinodkothari.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Concept-of-Retiring-Auditors-under-Act-2013-1.pdf
  4. https://vinodkothari.com/2018/05/alignment-of-audit-auditors-rules-with-amendment-act-2017/

FAQs: Appointment of Statutory Auditors

-Financial Services Divison (finserv@vinodkothari.com)

Last updated- June 11, 2021

The Reserve Bank of India has issued Guidelines for Appointment of Statutory Central Auditors (SCAs)/Statutory Auditors (SAs) of Commercial Banks (excluding RRBs), UCBs and NBFCs (including HFCs) under Section 30(1A) of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949, Section 10(1) of the Banking Companies (Acquisition and Transfer of Undertakings) Act, 1970/1980 and Section 41(1) of SBI Act, 1955; and under provisions of Chapter IIIB of RBI Act, 1934 for NBFCs, on 27th April 2021 (“Guidelines”).

The Guidelines intend to supersede the existing circulars/notification on appointment of statutory auditors by Banks and NBFC. The Guidelines provide necessary instructions for appointment of SCAs/SAs, the number of auditors, their eligibility criteria, tenure and rotation as well as norms for ensuring the independence of auditors.

We have tried to figure out the probable questions arising out of these Guidelines and respond to the same in the form of these FAQs.

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